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In optics, a thin lens is a lens with a thickness (distance along the optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible compared to the radii of curvature of the lens surfaces. Lenses whose thickness is not negligible are sometimes called ''thick lenses''. The thin lens approximation ignores optical effects due to the thickness of lenses and simplifies ray tracing calculations. It is often combined with the paraxial approximation in techniques such as ray transfer matrix analysis. ==Focal length== The focal length, ''f'', of a lens in air is given by the lensmaker's equation: : where ''n'' is the index of refraction of the lens material, and ''R''1 and ''R''2 are the radii of curvature of the two surfaces. For a thin lens, ''d'' is much smaller than one of the radii of curvature (either ''R''1 or ''R''2). In these conditions, the last term of the Lensmaker's equation becomes negligible, and the focal length of a thin lens in air can be approximated by〔 〕 : Here ''R''1 is taken to be positive if the first surface is convex, and negative if the surface is concave. The signs are reversed for the back surface of the lens: ''R''2 is positive if the surface is concave, and negative if it is convex. This is an arbitrary sign convention; some authors choose different signs for the radii, which changes the equation for the focal length. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「thin lens」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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